Burdens and standards of proof for inference to the best explanation: three case studies
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Burdens and Standards of Proof for Inference to the Best Explanation
In this paper, we provide a formal logical account of the burden of proof and proof standards in legal reasoning. As opposed to the usual argument-based model we use a hybrid model for Inference to the Best Explanation, which uses stories or explanations as well as arguments. We use examples of real cases to show that our hybrid reasoning model allows for a natural modeling of burdens and stand...
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This chapter explains the role of proof burdens and standards in argumentation, illustrates them using legal procedures, and surveys the history of research on computational models of these concepts. It also presents an original computational model which aims to integrate the features of these prior systems. The ‘mainstream’ conception of argumentation in the field of artificial intelligence is...
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Our initial survey of the problems of induction and explanation is now complete. We have considered some of the forms these problems take, some of the reasons they are so difficult to solve, and some of the weaknesses in various attempts to solve them. In the last chapter, I also attempted something more constructive, by giving what I hope is an improved version of the causal model of explanati...
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Science depends on judgments of the bearing of evidence on theory. Scientists must judge whether an observation or the result of an experiment supports, disconfirms, or is simply irrelevant to a given hypothesis. Similarly, scientists may judge that, given all the available evidence, a hypothesis ought to be accepted as correct or nearly so, rejected as false, or neither. Occasionally, these ev...
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In his van Fraassen argues that Inference to the Best Explanation is incoherent in the sense that adopting it as a rule for belief change will make one susceptible to a dynamic Dutch book The present paper argues against this An epistemic strategy is described that allows us to infer to the best explanation free of charge Advocates of the inference rule commonly referred to as Inference to the ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Law, Probability and Risk
سال: 2012
ISSN: 1470-8396,1470-840X
DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgs003